Sailing vessel.



. J. E. HAGBORG.

SAILING VESSEL. APPLICATION PIL'ED 0012, 1911.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMB!A PL'ANOQRAPl-l 20-, WASHINGTON. D. c.

"J. E. HAGBORG.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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COLUMBIA PLANDGRAPH coqwnsl-mlmtm D c STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAN E. HAGBORG, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

SAILING VESSEL.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JAN E. HAcBoRe, a subject of the King of Sweden, and a resident of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Sailing Vessels, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to sailing vessels and has particular reference toimprovements in the disposition or arrangement of the masts and sails and the rigging therefor.

The object of my invention is to obtain a greater efficiency, speed and control, and to facilitate the management of the sails.

Another object of the invention is to obtain more clearance or room on the sail decks and to reduce the dangers incident to the handling of the sails.

With these general objects in View my invention consists in the novel construction, combination and arrangement of masts, sails and sail-rigging as hereinafter described in detail, illustrated in the accompanying drawing and pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawingFigure 1 is a side elevation of a vessel embodying my invention, wherein the forward pair of sails are set or unfurled. Fig. 2 is a perspective and plan view showing the sails furled, or it may represent the bare masts to better illustrate the positions of same and the rigging. Figs. 3, 4: and 5 are plan views showing the positions of the mast arms or sails when the vessel is sailing before the wind, at right angles thereto, and tacking against a head wind, respectively.

In the several views are illustrated a vessel equipped with four masts arranged in two pairs, one pair forward and one pair aft, which pairs may be increased to any de- 1 sired extent, or according to the size of vessel to be equipped with my invention.

2 and 3 represent the forward pair of masts equipped, respectively, with top-masts 1 and 5, and a pair of rear or mizzen-masts 6 and 7 provided with top-masts 8 and 9.

10 and 11 represent sails on the masts 2 and 3, while 12 is the fore-top sail on the mast 4 and 13 a similar sail on the mast 5. As the equipment of and in connection with the masts 2, 3, d and 5, is the same for the. rear of additional pairs of masts, a descrip- Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 2, 1911.

Patented Sept. 24, 1912.

Serial No. 652,350.

tion of the equipment for masts 2 to 5 will suffice for all the pairs of masts with which a vessel is provided in accordance with my invention. Each of these masts is arranged at or near the respective sides of the vessel in any suitable manner, the details of the fastenings for the lower ends of the masts forming no part of the present invention.

The foremasts 2 and 3 are connected at their upper ends by a trussed cross-span, bar or brace 15. One pair of shrouds 16 and 17 serves both-of these masts on account of the span 15. The shroud 16 extends from the top of the mast 2 to the bottom of the mast 3, and the shroud 17 extends from thetop of the mast 3 to the bottom of the mast 2. A similar arrangement of mutual support is provided for the top-masts 4 and 5, the latter being connected by a span 18 and ropes or cables 19 and 20 crossing each other diagonally from one mast to the other in the same manner as the shrouds 16 and 17. From front to rear, or lengthwise, of the vessel the forward and rear masts are bound together by substantially single, or entwined ropes or cables the ends of which are divided near the pairs of masts, one leg or run going to the one mast and the other leg or run extending to the other mast. 21 represents one of these ropes or cables extending along a plane midway between the masts of each pair and divided at its ends into branches or runs 22 and 23 running to the tops of the foremasts 2 and 3 and branches or runs 2 1 and 25 extending to the tops of the masts 6 and 7. A similar cable 26 with branches 27 and 28 at one end and branches 29 and 30 at the opposite end connects the tops of the top-masts 8 and 9 with the lower portions of the top-masts 41 and 5 or tops of the fore-masts 2 and 3, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The fore-masts 2 and 3 are connected with the jib-boom 31, or pole extending forwardly from the prow of the vessel, by means of a rope or cable 32 which is forked or divided at 33 and 31 between the topmasts 1 and 5, respectively. These supports may be supplemented with such additional ropes or cables as may be necessary, or are customarily used, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. A similar rope or cable 35 with branches 36 and 37 extends from the boom to the upper ends of the masts 2 and 3.

These substantially single connections divided at'the masts represents the general plan of relatively supporting the parts without a full set of the usual individual ropes or cables for each mast. This arrangement also provides for the clearance necessary in shifting the sails from the sides of the vessel to'its median longitudinal ver tical plane, one of the objects of this invention being to obviate the necessity of swinging the sails over from one side of the vessel to the other as has heretofore been done on this type of vessel using single masts arranged tandem, and as must be done with single sails when tacking against the wind. By providing a construct-ion and arrangement which obviates this necessity of swinging large sails from one side to the other, I eliminate a great deal of the risk of such operation, greatly reduce the labors of handling the sails, and make it possible to man the vessel with a smaller number of sailors. I also obtain a larger exposure of sail-area to the breeze and eliminate a great deal of the interference of one sail with an other, as will appear from a glance at Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The lines running through these figures indicate the direction of the wind. In these figures 10 and 11 represent the forward sails and 6 and 7 the rear sails. .In Fig. 4 the sails 7 and 11 on the windward side of the vessel are arranged at the usual angle when sailing at right angles to the direction of the wind. The sails 6 and 10 on the leeward side are, however, set at a greater angle to the direction of the wind. This, together with the fact that these sails extend rearwardly from instead of forwardly of their masts, as in the case of the sails 7 and 11, gives the sails 6 and 10 the full benefit of the same air-currents that strike the sails 7 and 11, the positions of the latter sails with reference to the leeward sails being such that they do not becalin the latter. Moreover the deflection of the air-currents 7 caused by contact with the windward sails is compensated for by the greater inclination rearward of the leeward sails which currents at the same angle that the windward sails receive them. A given size of vessel may therefore by the pairs of masts abreast arrangement be made to receive substantially twice the usual propelling power with a given size of sails.

Fig. 5 shows the position of the sails when the vessel is tacking against the wind. It will be observed that the windward sails are shifted rearwardly parallel with the leeward sails and as nearly parallel with the keel of the vessel as may be. In shifting the course of the vessel to a position opposite that in which it is shown in Fig. 5, so that the sails 6 and 10 become the windward sails, there is but comparatively slight change made in the positions of the sails, the latter being shifted or swung to the opposite side of the vessel to the same small extent out of parallelism with the keel as they are shown in said Fig. 5. Each sail is confined to its side of the vessel at all times, the center of the deck is clear of mast-obstructions and substantially the whole deck is normally left clear of any sail obstruction. In the position in which the vessel is shown in Fig. 5 it will be noticed that each of the sails is substantially exposed to the air-currents without interference of one sail with another, because in this position substantially the whole breath of current striking theleeward sails in each instance being permitted to pass between the two masts of each pair, or between the forward masts and the rear edge of the forward sail and the rear mast on the windward side. The swing of each sail for all purposes is confined substantially within an arc of less than forty-five degrees on each side of a transverse line running through both masts of each pair. In Fig. 5 which shows extreme positions of the sails the arcs are slightly more than forty-five degrees for the windward sails from' said transverse line, or the vertical plane athwart the ship common to each pair of masts.

In sailing with the wind, either directly or cross-wise of the direction in which the wind blows the maximum benefit of the aircurrents is derived, as shown in Fig. 3, wherein two of the sails are always completely exposed without interference, and when the vessel is to be veered from the position in which it is shown in said figure to one diagonally across the airlines, first to one side and then to the other, the usual shifting of the sails from one side to the other is done away with in the present invention. In throwing the usual single sails entirely over the top-sail in each instance must be loosened from the boom of the large or main sail to which it is fastened. This in order topermit the sails to pass the stays or ropes passing from a forward to a rear sail. 21 in Fig. 1 represents the obstruction referred to. Referring to the sail 11, this swings under the rope 21, but in order to swing the topsail 13 over to the position of the sail 12, said top-sail 13 must be loosened from the upper boom of the sail 11 which can only be done by the sailor or sailors climbing the mast 3.

The present invention obviates the necessity of disturbing the top-sails when shifting the course of the vessel diagonally, be cause the rope 21, and its equivalent similar parts is placed far enough laterally of each of the masts in each pair to permit the necessary inward swing of the sail. 7 That is, the rope runs midway between the masts and the free ends of the sail-booms need not be swung toward the side of the vessel opposite to that which the mast is on, farther than the middle of the vessel in this paired sail arrangement, and when the gal? of the topsail touches the line 21 it has reached the limit of the movement necessary in that direction and need not be loosened from the lower sail in order to pass the line 21.

For the purpose of convenience in manipulation of the sails sheaves or pulleys are projected on a series of arms 28, 2%),30 and 31. Stretched between the arms 29' and 30, by way of the jib-boom 31, is a wire or cable 82, on the respective ends of which, back of the arms 29 and 30, are sheaves 33 and 34: over which run ropes 35 and 36 to the outer ends of the booms of the sails 10 and 11 and thence by ropes 35 to sheaves 37 and 38 where they may be manipulated by the sailors to swing the sails. For the'rear sails wires 39 and 40 are extended from the body of the vessel to the arms 28 and 31, thence rearwardly to pulleys 4:1 and 4:2. Between the latter and the sails, on which also suitable pulleys are provided, extend ropes 39 and 40 which are used to draw the sails forward. Ropes 43 and 44 pass from the rear sails rearwardly to the deck and serve to draw the sails rear- Wardly and support them against the forward wind pressure.

Having thus described my invention, I

claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. The combination with a sailing vessel, of a pair of masts arranged transversely of the vessel, shrouds crossing from one of said masts to the other, braces for supporting the masts transversely of the vessel, stays or cables running longitudinally of the vessel, and branches from said stays or cables running to both masts.

2. The combination with a sailing vessel, of a series of masts arranged abreast or transversely of the vessel, stays or cables between the pairs that extend in a Vertical plane midway between the masts of each pair, similar stays or cables which also extend to the body of the vessel, a pair of shrouds for each pair of masts that extend from the one mast to the other of each pair and cross each other between the pairs, arms carrying cords or cables thereon and pulleys on said cords or cables, said pulleys having rope connections for swinging sails on said masts.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JAN E. HAGBORG. Witnesses:

EDWIN B. NELSON, M. ALLEN.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents. Washington, D. G. 

